You have an important part in making swimwear better for the planet. Most swimwear uses synthetic fibres. These fibres let out microfibres into the sea. Every year, 200,000 to 500,000 tons of these fibres go into the ocean. This is about 35 percent of all microplastic pollution in the sea. If you pick durable designs and support circular fashion, you help cut down waste. You also help the planet by choosing eco-friendly options. When you buy sustainable swimwear, you help a circular economy. This economy cares about lasting products and good recycling.
Key Takeaways
Pick strong swimwear. This helps cut down on waste. It also saves you money in the long run.
Buy from brands that use green materials. These include recycled nylon and organic cotton.
Join recycling programmes. This lets old swimwear get reused. It stops it from going to landfill.
Find swimwear made from one material. This makes recycling much easier.
Take care of your swimwear. Rinse it after you wear it. Store it the right way. This helps it last longer.
Choose swimwear from brands that care about circular design. They also focus on being sustainable.
Teach others about swimwear pollution. Show how it harms the environment.
Ask for better recycling labels on swimwear. This helps people pick wisely.
Environmental Challenges of Swimwear
Synthetic Fibres and Microplastics
Most swimwear uses synthetic fibres like nylon and polyester. These materials do not break down in nature. When you wash swimwear, tiny microfibres go into the water. This causes microfibre pollution in rivers and oceans. The fashion industry puts about 176,500 metric tons of synthetic microfibres into the ocean each year. This is almost 35% of all microplastic pollution in the world. Microfibre pollution hurts fish, turtles, and other sea animals. These fibres can build up and cause health problems for animals. Most swimwear is a main source of primary microplastics. These plastics can soak up harmful chemicals and move them through the water. You might not notice the damage at first, but it gets worse over time.
Note: Recycled polyester lets out even more microfibres than normal polyester. So, eco-friendly swimwear can still add to microfibre pollution if it is not made well.
Waste and Landfill Impact
When you throw away old swimwear, it often goes to landfill. Synthetic fabrics do not break down, so they stay for hundreds of years. This waste makes the fashion industry’s impact on the planet worse. Making and moving synthetic swimwear also creates carbon emissions. You help cut water waste and pollution when you pick sustainable choices. Non-biodegradable materials in swimwear cause long-term waste problems. Throwing away swimwear adds to ocean pollution and harms sea life. You can see the effects on dirty beaches and ruined habitats.
Main environmental problems from swimwear:
Use of materials that do not break down
Water waste and pollution during production
Waste that lasts a long time in landfill
Microfibre pollution in water
Why Circularity Matters
You help make swimwear more sustainable. Circularity means making a system that keeps waste low. This system also uses fewer resources. Circular swimwear design looks at the whole life of the product, from the materials to how it is thrown away. You support the planet when you pick strong swimwear and recycle it when you are done. Circularity lowers the impact of swimwear on the environment. It also helps cut water waste and pollution. You can help by choosing brands that care about the planet and design for recycling. Circularity lets you protect nature and lower fashion’s impact.
Circular Design Principles
Circular design in swimwear helps you look after the planet. You try to make products that last longer and can be recycled. This way, there is less waste and fewer resources are used. You help make a system where swimwear is used for a long time. When you pick circular design, you support responsible fashion and sustainability.
Circular design has three main rules:
Remove waste and pollution.
Keep products and materials in use.
Help nature recover.
These ideas guide every part of making swimwear, from choosing materials to recycling old suits.
Material Choices for Recyclability
Picking the right materials is important for recycling swimwear. You want fabrics that can be reused or made into new things. This helps lower waste and keeps resources useful.
Mono-Materials in Swimwear
Mono-materials use just one fibre in a swimsuit. This makes recycling much simpler. If you do not mix fibres, recycling plants can turn old suits into new fabric. Some brands now use 100% nylon or polyester. You can also find suits without elastane, which is hard to recycle. By picking mono-materials, you help swimwear get reused many times.
Recycled and Regenerated Fibres
You can choose swimwear made from recycled materials like Econyl. Econyl is nylon made from waste, like old fishing nets and plastic rubbish. Using Econyl helps clean the oceans and saves resources. Making Econyl also cuts carbon emissions by up to 80%. Econyl can be recycled again, so it fits circular design well. Other recycled fabrics, like those from plastic bottles, help lower landfill waste and protect the sea. When you pick these, you support green production and help keep the planet tidy.
Common recyclable swimwear materials:
Econyl (regenerated nylon from waste)
Recycled polyester
Organic cotton
Bamboo
Durable Design and Construction
Durable design means swimwear lasts longer and does not break easily. If you pick strong suits, you keep products in use and make less waste. Brands add special features to make swimwear tougher.
Reinforced Seams
Reinforced seams help swimwear stay strong after many swims. These seams stop the fabric from ripping. You use your suit for longer and do not need to buy new ones often. This is important for durable design.
Avoiding Mixed Materials
If you do not mix materials, recycling is easier. Mixed fabrics are hard to separate and often go to landfill. By picking suits made from one material, you help recycling plants work better. Single-fibre suits also last longer and keep their shape.
Material | Properties | Usage in Swimwear |
|---|---|---|
Nylon | Strong, light, dries fast, chlorine resistant | Used in many swimsuits, often as a mono-material |
Lycra | Stretchy, fits well, needs chlorine resistance treatment | Found in good suits, sometimes mixed for better fit |
Polyester | Chlorine and fade resistant | Used for its strength and colour holding |
PBT | Stretchy, chlorine resistant | Used by brands like Speedo for sports suits |
Polyurethane | Compresses skin, lowers friction | Used in high-performance swimwear |
Chlorine Resistance | Needed for long-lasting pool use | Look for 100% chlorine resistant fabrics like Endurance+ |
Design for Disassembly
Designing for disassembly means you can take apart a swimsuit easily when it is old. This helps recycling plants sort the parts and make new products.
Minimal Trims
You want swimwear with few extra parts. Zips, buttons, and metal trims make recycling harder. If you pick suits with less trims, recycling is easier and the design is stronger.
Labelling for Recycling
Clear labels show what your swimwear is made from. This helps you and recycling plants know how to sort and recycle each piece. Some brands use special labels to help you recycle old suits. If you follow these labels, you help keep materials in use.
Tip: Some brands, like Decathlon, work with partners to make fully recyclable swimwear. They make suits without elastane, so taking them apart and recycling is much easier.
You have a big role in the circular swimwear economy. If you pick strong designs, recycled materials, and easy-to-recycle suits, you help make the future cleaner and greener.
Innovations in Sustainable Swimwear
ECONYL® and Regenerated Nylon
You can pick swimwear made from ECONYL® to help the planet. ECONYL® is made from waste like old fishing nets and nylon rubbish. Factories collect and clean these old items. Workers sort the nylon waste and turn it into ECONYL® yarn. This yarn is just as strong as new nylon. When you choose ECONYL® swimwear, you help nature. The yarn can be recycled again and again. You do not need new materials for every swimsuit. This helps the circular economy and cuts down on pollution.
When you use waste to make new things, you help people and the planet. This is what a circular economy does.
Many brands now use ECONYL® and other recycled fibres in their swimwear. Sienna, Ezz Studios, Lands’ End, Vitamin A, and Speedo use recycled things like plastic bottles and ghost nets. You can find swimwear that is strong and good for the planet.
Lycra XTRA LIFE and Enhanced Durability
You want your swimwear to last a long time. Lycra XTRA LIFE is a fibre that helps swimsuits keep their shape. This fibre does not get ruined by chlorine or the sun. You can swim many times and your suit will not wear out. Lycra XTRA LIFE works well with recycled fibres too. You get a comfy fit and a swimsuit that stays strong. Brands use this fibre to make swimwear that does not break quickly. You save money and help the planet by picking strong designs.
Some brands use simple designs and threads that break down in nature. These choices mean less rubbish and easier recycling. You help the planet when you pick swimwear with fewer extras and strong seams.
Chemical Recycling Advances
You can help cut down textile waste by supporting chemical recycling. New technology lets factories recycle swimwear more easily. RubyLab uses special ways to recycle sports and swimwear fabrics. Aquafil has a way to split elastic fibres from nylon. This lets them recycle nylon into new strong yarn. RubyLab also uses clean technology to recycle mixed fabrics, like polyamide 6.
Chemical recycling methods:
Split elastic fibres from nylon
Recycle mixed fabrics
Make new strong yarn
You help nature when you pick swimwear made with new recycling methods. Dyeing without water saves water and cuts pollution. Some brands work with green groups to collect ocean plastic and turn it into recycled swimwear. You help make the future cleaner by choosing these smart products.
Brand Case Studies
You can learn from brands that lead in circular swimwear. These companies show ways to help the planet and people. Each brand uses different ideas to make strong and recyclable swimwear. You see that small changes can matter a lot.
Brand | Circular Design Principles | Results |
|---|---|---|
Figure | Uses recycled nylon and limestone neoprene, small batch production, replaceable panels. | Creates unique, durable products that minimise waste and promote longevity. |
Finisterre | Produces swimwear from recycled ECONYL® and natural rubber sourced from certified forests. | Achieves high social and environmental standards as a registered B-Corporation. |
Made of Water | Offers sustainable swimwear brands, focuses on inclusivity and empowerment. | Connects women to the sea while promoting sustainable practices in swimwear. |
Winki | Small batch neoprene suits, collaborates with a project for trafficking survivors. | Minimises waste and supports social rehabilitation through sewing training. |
OHOY | Uses ECONYL® and OEKO-TEX® certified fabrics, chlorine and sunscreen resistant. | Creates long-lasting swimwear with minimal environmental impact. |
September the Line | 100% ECONYL pieces made in a female-owned factory adhering to ethical standards. | Ensures fair working conditions and promotes sustainable fashion practices. |
Sand + Palm | Utilises ECONYL® and hemp, focuses on artistic and durable designs. | Produces well-fitting swimwear while minimising waste through small batch production methods. |
Figure uses recycled nylon and limestone neoprene. They make small batches and have panels you can replace. This means your swimwear is special and lasts longer. It also makes less waste. Finisterre uses ECONYL® and natural rubber from forests that are certified. When you buy their swimwear, you support good social and environmental standards.
Made of Water helps women feel close to the sea. Their swimwear supports everyone and makes you feel strong. The brand cares about the planet and your choices. Winki makes neoprene suits in small batches. They help cut waste and support people who need new skills. Winki works with a project that trains survivors of trafficking to sew.
OHOY uses ECONYL® and OEKO-TEX® certified fabrics. Their swimwear does not get ruined by chlorine or sunscreen. The suits last a long time and do not harm nature much. September the Line makes all their pieces from ECONYL®. Their factory is owned by women and follows fair rules. When you buy from them, you help workers and the planet.
Sand + Palm uses ECONYL® and hemp. Their designs are creative and strong. They make small batches to stop waste. You get swimwear that fits well and is better for the earth.
Tip: If you pick brands that use circular design, you help people and nature. Every time you buy, you make a good choice.
Each brand has its own way of helping. You can choose swimwear that matches what you care about. You support the planet and show other brands how to do better.
End-of-Life Recycling
Image Source: pexels
You help the circular swimwear economy by thinking about what happens to your swimwear when it is old. End-of-life recycling stops textile waste from going to landfill. It also helps the planet. You can help by giving back old clothes, picking brands with recycling schemes, and learning how recycling works.
Take-Back and Collection Schemes
You can give back old swimwear instead of throwing it away. Some brands and shops have take-back schemes. These schemes collect old clothes for recycling or reuse. You might drop off items at a shop or send them for free. For example, River Island lets you donate at least three items from any brand. You get a voucher for your next buy. These schemes try to resell, reuse, or recycle the clothes. About 30% of clothes are sold again, 40% are reused, and 30% are recycled. This means nothing goes to landfill.
You can also help special recycling partners. Chilly Swim works with Circular Flow to recycle neoprene products. You send back old neoprene swimwear. It goes to a recycling plant, not landfill. Some schemes need a set number of items, like 325, to work well. The collected clothes go to experts who turn them into new fabric.
Here is a simple table showing how swimwear is collected and recycled:
Process Step | Description |
|---|---|
Collection of Waste | Waste is taken from the ocean, like fishing gear and nylon rubbish. |
Sorting and Cleaning | The waste is sorted and cleaned to get nylon. |
Regeneration | The waste is changed back to its first form, making recycled nylon. |
Production of New Products | The recycled nylon is made into yarn for new swimwear and bikinis. |
Tip: You help cut textile waste when you return old swimwear through take-back schemes. You also help keep materials in use by supporting textile-to-textile recycling.
Chemical vs. Mechanical Recycling
You might wonder how swimwear gets recycled. There are two main ways: chemical recycling and mechanical recycling. Each way has good and bad points.
Mechanical recycling means shredding textiles or plastics. This can make fibres shorter and weaker. You get recycled fibres, but they may not be as strong as new ones.
Chemical recycling breaks fibres into small building blocks called monomers. Factories make new fibres from these monomers. This keeps fibres strong and lets them be reused well. You get recycled fibres that are almost as good as new.
Here is a table comparing the two ways:
Recycling Method | Process | Impact on Fibre Integrity |
|---|---|---|
Mechanical Recycling | Shreds textiles or plastic | Makes fibres shorter; can make them weaker |
Chemical Recycling | Breaks fibres into monomers and remakes them | Keeps fibres strong; allows better reuse |
You help textile-to-textile recycling when you pick swimwear made with chemical recycling. This way makes new products from old materials and stops waste from going to landfill.
Challenges in Textile Recycling
You face some problems when recycling swimwear textiles. The main problem is breaking down polyamide elastane in a way that is cheap and good for the planet. Many ways use costly chemicals or make waste that cannot be reused. There are not many big systems for upcycling swimwear, so more textile waste is made.
Researchers at Leeds University are working on greener ways to break down polyamide elastane. They want the process to be cheaper and better for nature. Queen Mary’s University London helps by adding nanoparticles to recycled materials. This makes recycled swimwear stronger and better at keeping heat.
You help solve these problems by picking swimwear made for recycling. Brands can make clothes with mono-materials and fewer extras, which makes recycling easier. Clear labels also help recycling plants sort and process old swimwear. When you support these ideas, you help build a better system for recycling and cut textile waste.
Note: You make a difference by thinking about what happens to your swimwear when it is old. You help the planet and make the future cleaner.
Practical Steps for Brands
Designing for Circularity
You can help by making swimwear with circularity in mind. If you think about the whole life of each product, you help cut waste and protect nature. You should pick materials that can be renewed, recycled, or break down in nature. Organic cotton and recycled polyester are good choices. You can design clothes to last longer, so people do not need new ones often. If you use smart cutting methods, you waste less fabric. You should also plan for what happens when swimwear is old. Make sure the materials can be recycled or composted. If you share where your materials come from and how you make things, you help customers choose better.
Steps to design for circularity:
Pick renewable or recyclable materials
Make swimwear durable
Use cutting methods that save fabric
Plan for recycling or composting at end-of-life
Be open about sourcing and production
Sienna Swim shows how you can reuse your own fabrics. They use leftover fabric from old styles to make new ones. Textile-to-textile recycling is important for the planet. You need systems that let people send back old swimwear for recycling.
Sourcing Sustainable Materials
You can pick eco-friendly materials that still work well. Many brands use new fabrics that are strong and good for the planet. BOLD Swim uses Amni Eco Soul fabric and gives waste to local makers. Fisch uses Italian Econyl and helps clean the ocean. Patagonia gives profits to local groups and checks materials with the bluesign partnership. Finisterre uses Econyl yarns and organic cotton. Everest Isles picks bluesign system textiles and 100% Econyl yarn. Vitamin A mixes recycled nylon with strong lycra and uses waterless digital printing. Stay Wild Swim gets regenerated nylon from Italy and does not waste anything.
Here is a table showing some brands and their eco-friendly choices:
Brand | Sustainable Material Used | Extra Action Taken |
|---|---|---|
BOLD Swim | Amni Eco Soul | Donates waste to artisans |
Fisch | Italian Econyl | Supports ocean clean-up |
Patagonia | Bluesign-approved fabrics | Donates profits to movements |
Finisterre | Econyl, organic cotton | Uses eco-friendly yarns |
Everest Isles | 100% Econyl, bluesign textiles | Ensures safe production |
Vitamin A | EcoLux (recycled nylon, lycra) | Waterless digital printing |
Stay Wild Swim | Regenerated nylon | Zero-waste production |
You can see there are many eco-friendly choices. These options help you reach your goals for the planet and for strong products.
Implementing Take-Back Programmes
You can help by starting take-back programmes for swimwear. Recycling schemes give old products a new life. You can offer take-back programmes so customers return old swimwear. If you work with recycling centres, you can reuse materials. This helps lower your impact on nature.
Best practices for take-back programmes:
Make it easy for customers to return products
Partner with recycling centres to process materials
Explore ways to recycle samples and returned stock
Work with local organisations or charities
Swimwear materials and parts can make recycling tricky. You can look for new ways to recycle samples and returned items. Local groups may help with recycling schemes. If you set up these programmes, you show you care about the planet and help make the future cleaner.
Communicating with Consumers
You help people see your brand in a good way. When you talk about circularity and sustainability, you help customers choose better. Clear messages build trust and show you care about the planet.
You can share your ideas in simple ways. You might put facts on product tags or packaging. You can use your website and social media to explain your aims. When you show how you make swimwear, people learn about their choices.
Styelle Swim teaches wholesalers about their goals before selling products. You can do this by sharing your values with partners and customers. Styelle Swim also tells buyers about the materials in each item. You help people learn about their impact when you give clear facts. Sharing your ways can make other brands do the same.
Kõraru looks at sustainability in many ways. You can talk about more than just materials. You might share your work with the community and support slow fashion. Kõraru gives lots of information to customers, which builds trust. You can use newsletters or blog posts to explain your circular design ideas.
Tip: When you include your community, you inspire others to care. You can hold events or workshops to teach about recycling and eco-friendly choices.
You can use a table to show what you do for sustainability:
Communication Method | Purpose | Example |
|---|---|---|
Product Labelling | Show materials and recyclability | Tags with fibre content |
Social Media | Share updates and tips | Posts about recycling schemes |
Website | Explain goals and processes | Pages on circular design |
Events | Engage community | Workshops on eco-care |
You help change how the industry works when you share your story. Kõraru shares their mission in every part of their business. You can do this by being open about your supply chain and how you make things. When you answer questions and listen to feedback, you build loyal customers.
You make a difference by being honest. You help customers feel sure about their choices. When you show you care about circularity, you lead the way to a cleaner future.
Consumer Actions for Sustainability
Choosing Durable Swimwear
You help make swimwear better for the planet. When you shop, look for suits that last longer. Pick swimwear made from recycled or organic fabrics. Choose brands that use less energy and water in factories. Buy from local makers to lower pollution from transport. Find companies that waste less fabric and trims. Support brands that treat workers fairly and keep them safe. Pick products that do not harm animals. Choose swimwear that is made to last many seasons. Some brands make only a few suits or let you order special ones. Look for packaging that breaks down or can be recycled. When you pick these options, you help the planet and workers. You also help cut down waste.
Care and Maintenance
You can keep your swimwear strong by looking after it. Good care means you do not need new suits often. Here are some easy tips: Rinse your swimsuit in cool water after swimming. This removes chlorine and salt. Do not leave your wet suit in a bag. This can cause mould and germs. Wash your swimwear with gentle soap or baby shampoo. Do not use strong detergents. Dry your suit in a cool place with fresh air. Keep it away from sunlight and heaters. Store your swimwear flat or folded. This stops creases and damage.
Tip: Use gentle detergents for delicate clothes to keep your suit strong.
You help nature and save money when you care for your swimwear. Good care means you buy less and throw away less.
Participating in Recycling
You can help by recycling old swimwear. Many programmes now take worn swimwear and watersports gear. You can join these schemes and keep things out of landfill. Here are some choices:
Programme Name | Description | Items Accepted |
|---|---|---|
A recycling programme for swimming pool waste in the UK. | Flip flops, goggles, floats, armbands, kickboards, pull buoys, swim caps | |
Vaikobi's Zero Waste Box™ | A recycling scheme for old watersports gear, run by TerraCycle®. | Old wetsuits, rashies, paddle pants, swimsuits, neoprene socks, gloves, and more |
You can also recycle old wetsuits and neoprene items. You can recycle unwanted swimwear and rashies. You can recycle worn paddle pants and leggings. You can recycle old sunglasses, gloves, and neoprene socks.
Note: You help cut waste and support the planet when you recycle your swimwear through these schemes.
You make a difference by picking strong swimwear, caring for it, and recycling it when it is old. Every step helps make the future cleaner for everyone.
The Future of Circular Swimwear
Emerging Technologies
New technology will change swimwear soon. Scientists and designers use living things to make fibres now. Bio-engineered textiles use bacteria and algae to make strong materials. These fibres can dry quickly or last longer. Some swimwear uses regenerative fibres from crops like Kernza or hemp. These crops help the soil and use less water. Plant-based synthetics are also becoming popular. Brands make nylon and spandex alternatives from castor beans or corn sugar. These materials come from renewable sources and break down more easily.
You will see other changes in how swimwear is made. Mono-material design uses just one polymer. This makes recycling much easier. Designed for disassembly means you can take apart your swimsuit. You can replace parts or recycle them easily.
Tip: If you pick swimwear made with new technology, you help the planet and support new ideas.
Industry Collaboration
You help brands work together to make swimwear better. Many companies now share ideas and resources. These partnerships help make better materials and improve recycling. For example, SOUL CAP uses recycled polyamide and elastane. The brand works with suppliers to make products stronger and greener. They also use digital product passports. These passports track each item and show recycling options.
Here is a table showing how teamwork helps:
Brand | Material Used | Collaboration Details |
|---|---|---|
SOUL CAP | 78% recycled polyamide, 22% Elastane | Worked with a supplier to make products better and greener using recycled materials. |
80% recycled polyester, 20% Spandex | Used a digital product passport to track items and recycling, helping circularity. |
Nike and Syre have started working together for many years. They want to use circular polyester in Nike’s sportswear. Nike plans to use more recycled materials step by step. Syre wants to help move to circular textiles faster. These efforts show teamwork can make a big difference.
Note: When brands work together, they solve problems faster and make better products for you.
Shifting Consumer Behaviour
You help change swimwear by making smart choices. More people now want eco-friendly options. You may look for suits made from recycled or plant-based fibres. Brands see this and try to make shopping greener and easier. Some companies lower prices or offer more choices. Many people still buy fast fashion because it costs less. Brands need to close the gap between what you want and what you buy.
You can ask for greener options.
You can pick brands that make recycling easy.
You can support companies that care about workers and nature.
When you pick sustainable swimwear, you show others that caring for the planet matters. Your choices help brands get better and inspire new ideas.
You have an important job in stopping pollution from swimwear. You can pick strong designs that last a long time. This helps brands make products that fight pollution. You can join recycling schemes and tell friends to recycle old swimwear. This means less rubbish in landfills and oceans. You help brands use mono-materials and recycled fibres. This cuts down pollution when making swimwear. You can look after your swimwear to stop microfibres from getting out. You can join take-back programmes to keep rubbish out of nature. You can ask brands to put recycling labels on products. This makes it easier to stop pollution. You can talk to others about pollution in fashion. You can go to events that teach about recycling and pollution. You can support brands that use new technology to lower pollution. You can pick packaging that does not make more rubbish. You can help people learn how pollution hurts sea animals. You can share easy tips to stop pollution at home. You help others change by making good choices every day.
You help make a world where pollution does not hurt nature. Every small thing you do matters.
FAQ
What does circular swimwear mean?
Circular swimwear is made to last a long time. You can recycle it when you do not need it anymore. These suits use materials that can be used again. This helps you make less waste and look after nature.
How can you tell if swimwear is recyclable?
You should read the label to learn about the fabric. Suits made from just one material, like 100% nylon or polyester, are easier to recycle. Some brands put recycling tips on their labels to help you.
Why should you choose durable swimwear?
Durable swimwear saves you money over time. Strong suits do not break quickly, so you buy fewer new ones. This means you make less rubbish and help the planet.
What is ECONYL® and why is it important?
ECONYL® is a recycled nylon made from old fishing nets and waste. Wearing ECONYL® swimwear helps clean the ocean. It also supports circular fashion and cuts down on pollution.
How do you recycle old swimwear?
You can use take-back schemes or recycling programmes. Some shops collect old swimwear for recycling. You can also take your old suits to local textile recycling centres.
Can you recycle swimwear with mixed materials?
It is harder to recycle swimwear made from mixed fibres, like nylon and elastane. Recycling plants cannot easily split these materials. You help by picking suits made from just one material.
What care tips help your swimwear last longer?
Rinse your swimwear in cool water after you swim. Wash it with gentle soap and dry it in the shade. Store your suit flat to keep it strong and in good shape.
Are there any eco-friendly packaging options for swimwear?
Some brands use packaging that can be composted or recycled. You might get your suit in a paper bag or a recycled box. This helps you use less plastic and make less waste.
